Two-Dimensional Copper (II) Coordination Polymer with Antimicrobial and DNA-Cleavage Activity

Aghaee, Maryam, Mohammadi, Khosro, Hayati, Payam, Janczak, Jan, Zeinalipour-Yazdi, Constantinos D. and Naghiha, Reza (2026) Two-Dimensional Copper (II) Coordination Polymer with Antimicrobial and DNA-Cleavage Activity. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1379 (147322).

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Abstract

A new two-dimensional copper(II) coordination polymer, [Cu(μ-L)(κ²-L′)(μ-L′)₂(H₂O)]ₙ (1), utilizing 4,4′-bipyridine (L) and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (HL′) as ligands, was synthesized as both bulk single-crystalline material and submicro-structured form (compound 1′) via an ultrasound-assisted method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis unequivocally established the polymeric framework and confirmed that the Cu(II) centers adopt a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. Complementary techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, provided supporting evidence for phase purity, coordination modes, morphological features, and thermal stability of the synthesized materials. Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plot analyses were employed to investigate the intermolecular contacts governing the supramolecular packing architecture. Ultrasound irradiation produced plate-like submicro-structured particles with a relatively narrow size distribution, as observed by SEM (127–150 nm for primary particles). DLS analysis further revealed a mean hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 490 nm, indicating the formation of stable aggregates in aqueous media. The in vitro biological evaluation of compound (1′) revealed that the material exhibits DNA cleavage activity under oxidative conditions, as demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis experiments, indicating notable nuclease-like behavior. Antimicrobial assays showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although the activity remained lower than that of standard reference antibiotics. These findings suggest that the biological response of compound (1′) is influenced by both the distorted Cu(II) coordination environment and the supramolecular features of the framework. Collectively, the structural and biological results position compound (1) and its submicro-structured form (1′) as coordination materials warranting further investigation in supramolecular and bioinorganic chemistry.

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